Giải đề IELTS Reading Passage 2 (Test 1) Cam 20_ to Britain | Phân tích chi tiết

Giải đề IELTS Reading Passage 2 (Test 1) Cam 20

Chủ đề: Bài đọc nói về nỗ lực tái trồng cây elm ở Anh – loài cây từng biến mất do bệnh Dutch elm disease.
Độ khó: Trung bình – nâng cao
Dạng câu hỏi:

• Matching Information (Q14–18)
  
• Matching People (Q19–23)
  
• Summary Completion (Q24–26)

Kỹ năng trọng tâm: scanning – tìm chi tiết tên người, năm, địa điểm; matching synonyms (disease spread, survival, opinion, resistance,…).

Dịch sơ lược nội dung từng đoạn

• Đoạn A: Giới thiệu thảm họa: hơn 25 triệu cây elm bị chết, chiếm 90% số lượng toàn Anh.
  
• Đoạn B: Giải thích nguyên nhân – nấm lây qua bọ cánh cứng từ gỗ nhập khẩu Canada.
• Đoạn C: Còn lại vài cây sống sót → nghiên cứu nguyên nhân kháng bệnh.
  
• Đoạn D: Vai trò lịch sử của cây elm (dụng cụ, tàu thuyền, vũ khí, vật liệu).
  
• Đoạn E: Brighton là nơi còn nhiều cây elm – nhờ gió biển ngăn bọ lây bệnh.
  
• Đoạn F: Giới thiệu các dòng cây lai (hybrid) kháng bệnh.
  
• Đoạn G: Tranh cãi giữa việc trồng lại bằng giống lai hay để tự nhiên phục hồi.

Bài đọc: to Britain

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.
to Britain
Mark Rowe investigates attempts to reintroduce elms to Britain

A
Around 25 million elms, accounting for 90% of all elm trees in the UK, died during the 1960s and ’70s of Dutch elm disease. In the aftermath, the elm, once so dominant in the British landscape, was largely forgotten. However, there’s now hope the elm may be reintroduced to the countryside of central and southern England. Any reintroduction will start from a very low base. ‘The impact of the disease is difficult to picture if you hadn’t seen what was there before,’ says Matt Elliot of the Woodland Trust. ‘You look at old photographs from the 1960s and it’s only then that you realise the impact [elms had] … They were significant, large trees … then they were gone.’

B
The disease is caused by a fungus that blocks the elms’ vascular (water, nutrient and food transport) system, causing branches to wilt and die. A first epidemic, which occurred in the 1920s, gradually died down, but in the ’70s a second epidemic was triggered by shipments of elm from Canada. The wood came in the form of logs destined for boat building and its intact bark was perfect for the elm bark beetles that spread the deadly fungus. This time, the beetles carried a much more virulent strain that destroyed the vast majority of British elms.

C
Today, elms still exist in the southern English countryside but mostly only in low hedgerows between fields. ‘We have millions of small elms in hedgerows but they get targeted by the beetle as soon as they reach a certain size,’ says Karen Russell, co-author of the report ‘Where we are with elm’. Once the trunk of the elm reaches 10–15 centimetres or so in diameter, it becomes a perfect size for beetles to lay eggs and for the fungus to take hold. Yet mature specimens have been identified, in counties such as Cambridgeshire, that are hundreds of years old, and have mysteriously escaped the epidemic.

The key, Russell says, is to identify and study those trees that have survived and work out why they stood tall when millions of others succumbed. Nevertheless, opportunities are limited as the number of these mature survivors is relatively small. ‘What are the reasons for their survival?’ asks Russell. ‘Avoidance, tolerance, resistance? We don’t know where the balance lies between the three. I don’t see how it can be entirely down to luck.’

D 

For centuries, elm ran a close second to oak as the hardwood tree of choice in Britain and was in many instances the most prominent tree in the landscape. Not only was elm common in European forests, it became a key component of birch, ash and hazel woodlands. The use of elm is thought to go back to the Bronze Age, when it was widely used for tools. Elm was also the preferred material for shields and early swords. In the 18th century, it was planted more widely and its wood was used for items such as storage crates and flooring. It was also suitable for items that experienced high levels of impact and was used to build the keel of the 19th-century sailing ship Cutty Sark as well as mining equipment.

E 

Given how ingrained elm is in British culture, it’s unsurprising the tree has many advocates. Amongst them is Peter Bourne of the National Elm Collection in Brighton. ‘I saw Dutch elm disease unfold as a small boy,’ he says. ‘The elm seemed to be part of rural England, but I remember watching trees just lose their leaves and that really stayed with me.’ Today, the city of Brighton’s elms total about 17,000. Local factors appear to have contributed to their survival. Strong winds from the sea make it difficult for the determined elm bark beetle to attack this coastal city’s elm population. However, the situation is precarious. ‘The beetles can just march in if we’re not careful, as the threat is right on our doorstep,’ says Bourne.

F
Any prospect of the elm returning relies heavily on trees being either resistant to, or tolerant of, the disease. This means a widespread reintroduction would involve existing or new hybrid strains derived from resistant, generally non-native elm species. A new generation of seedlings have been bred and tested to see if they can withstand the fungus by cutting a small slit on the bark and injecting a tiny amount of the pathogen. ‘The effects are very quick,’ says Russell. ‘You return in four to six weeks and trees that are resistant show no symptoms, whereas those that are susceptible show leaf loss and may even have died completely.’

G
All of this raises questions of social acceptance, acknowledges Russell. ‘If we’re putting elm back into the landscape, a small element of it is not native – are we bothered about that?’ For her, the environmental case for reintroducing elm is strong. ‘They will host wildlife, which is a good thing.’ Others are more wary. ‘On the face of it, it seems like a good idea,’ says Elliot. The problem, he suggests, is that, ‘You’re replacing a native species with a horticultural analogue’. You’re effectively cloning.’ There’s also the risk of introducing new diseases. Rather than plant new elms, the Woodland Trust emphasises providing space to those elms that have survived independently. ‘Sometimes the best thing you can do is just give nature time to recover … over time, you might get resistance,’ says Elliot.

*horticultural analogue: a cultivated plant species that is genetically similar to an existing species

Tổng hợp các bài Giải đề IELTS Speaking và Writing được biên soạn bởi đội ngũ chuyên môn giáo viên IELTS 8.0 nhà Cú https://owlenglish.vn/category/kien-thuc/giai-de/

Questions 14–18

Reading Passage 2 has seven sections, A–G.

Which section contains the following information?

NB You may use any letter more than once.

14. reference to the research problems that arise from there being only a few surviving large elms
15. details of a difference of opinion about the value of reintroducing elms to Britain
16. reference to how Dutch elm disease was brought into Britain
17. a description of the conditions that have enabled a location in Britain to escape Dutch elm disease
18. reference to the stage at which young elms become vulnerable to Dutch elm disease

Đáp án:

14. reference to the research problems that arise from there being only a few surviving large elms
    → C Giải đề IELTS Reading Giải đề IELTS Reading Giải đề IELTS Reading 
    Dẫn chứng: “Nevertheless, opportunities are limited as the number of these mature survivors is relatively small.”
15. details of a difference of opinion about the value of reintroducing elms to Britain
    → G Giải đề IELTS Reading Giải đề IELTS Reading Giải đề IELTS Reading
    Dẫn chứng: “All of this raises questions of social acceptance…”
    “Others are more wary…”
    “The problem… is that ‘You’re replacing a native species with a horticultural analogue.’”
16. reference to how Dutch elm disease was brought into Britain
    → B Giải đề IELTS Reading Giải đề IELTS Reading Giải đề IELTS Reading
    Dẫn chứng: “A second epidemic was triggered by shipments of elm from Canada… the beetles carried a much more virulent strain…”
17. a description of the conditions that have enabled a location in Britain to escape Dutch elm disease
    → EGiải đề IELTS Reading Giải đề IELTS Reading Giải đề IELTS Reading
    Dẫn chứng: “Strong winds from the sea make it difficult for the determined elm bark beetle to attack this coastal city’s elm population.”
18. reference to the stage at which young elms become vulnerable to Dutch elm disease
    → C
    Dẫn chứng: “Once the trunk of the elm reaches 10–15 centimetres… it becomes a perfect size for beetles to lay eggs…”

Questions 19–23

Look at the following statements (Questions 19–23) and the list of people below.

Match each statement with the correct person, A, B, or C.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

19. If a tree gets infected with Dutch elm disease, the damage rapidly becomes visible.
20. It may be better to wait and see if the mature elms that have survived continue to flourish.
21. There must be an explanation for the survival of some mature elms.
22. We need to be aware that insects carrying Dutch elm disease are not very far away.
23. You understand the effect Dutch elm disease has had when you see evidence of how prominent the tree once was.

Đáp án

19. If a tree gets infected with Dutch elm disease, the damage rapidly becomes visible.
    → B. Karen Russell
    Dẫn chứng: Thông tin nằm ở đoạn F:
    “The effects are very quick,” says Russell. “You return in four to six weeks and trees that are resistant show no symptoms, whereas those that are susceptible show leaf loss and may even have died completely.”
20. It may be better to wait and see if the mature elms that have survived continue to flourish
    → A. Matt Elliot
    Dẫn chứng: Thông tin nằm ở đoạn G:
    “Rather than plant new elms, the Woodland Trust emphasises providing space to those elms that have survived independently. ‘Sometimes the best thing you can do is just give nature time to recover … over time, you might get resistance,’ says Elliot.”
21. There must be an explanation for the survival of some mature elms.
    → B. Karen Russell
    Dẫn chứng: Thông tin nằm ở đoạn C:
    “What are the reasons for their survival?” asks Russell. “Avoidance, tolerance, resistance? We don’t know where the balance lies between the three. I don’t see how it can be entirely down to luck.”
22. We need to be aware that insects carrying Dutch elm disease are not very far away.
    → C. Peter Bourne
    Dẫn chứng: Thông tin nằm ở đoạn E:
    “The beetles can just march in if we’re not careful, as the threat is right on our doorstep,” says Bourne.
23. You understand the effect Dutch elm disease has had when you see evidence of how prominent the tree once was.
    → A. Matt Elliot
    Dẫn chứng: Thông tin nằm ở đoạn A:
    “The impact of the disease is difficult to picture if you hadn’t seen what was there before,” says Matt Elliot of the Woodland Trust. “You look at old photographs from the 1960s and it’s only then that you realise the impact [elms had] … They were significant, large trees … then they were gone.”

Questions 24–26

Complete the summary below.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

                                              Uses of a popular tree

For hundreds of years, the only tree that was more popular in Britain than elm was 24…….….…… Starting in the Bronze Age, many tools were made from elm and people also used it to make weapons. In the 18th century, it was grown to provide wood for boxes and 25…….….…… Due to its strength, elm was often used for mining equipment and the Cutty Sark’s 26…….….…… was also constructed from elm.

Đáp án:

24. For hundreds of years, the only tree that was more popular in Britain than elm was
    → oak
    Dẫn chứng: trong đoạn D: “For centuries, elm ran a close second to oak as the hardwood tree of choice in Britain…”
25. Starting in the Bronze Age, many tools were made from elm and people also used it to make weapons. In the 18th century, it was grown to provide wood for
    → flooring
    Dẫn chứng: trong đoạn D: “…its wood was used for items such as storage crates and flooring.”
26. Due to its strength, elm was often used for mining equipment and the Cutty Sark’s ____ was also constructed from elm.
    → keel
    Dẫn chứng: trong đoạn D: “…was used to build the keel of the 19th-century sailing ship Cutty Sark as well as mining equipment.”

Lộ trình học IELTS Reading hiệu quả từ 0.0 đến band 9.0

Lộ trình học IELTS Reading hiệu quả cần được xây dựng theo từng giai đoạn rõ ràng, bắt đầu từ nền tảng đến nâng cao, thay vì lao ngay vào luyện đề.

• Ở giai đoạn 0.0–4.0, người học tập trung xây dựng vốn từ vựng cơ bản, làm quen với cấu trúc câu tiếng Anh và rèn kỹ năng đọc hiểu ý chính qua các đoạn văn ngắn.
• Khi đạt 4.0–5.5, trọng tâm chuyển sang nắm vững các dạng câu hỏi phổ biến trong IELTS Reading như True/False/Not Given, Matching Information hay Multiple Choice, đồng thời học cách xác định keyword và paraphrase trong bài đọc.
• Từ 5.5–6.5, người học cần rèn chiến lược làm bài theo từng passage, cải thiện tốc độ đọc và giảm lỗi sai do bẫy đề.
• Giai đoạn 6.5–7.5 yêu cầu khả năng xử lý các đoạn văn dài, học thuật hơn, hiểu rõ mối liên kết ý và làm chủ các dạng khó như Matching Headings hay Yes/No/Not Given.
• Cuối cùng, để chinh phục band 8.0–9.0, người học phải đạt độ chính xác rất cao, đọc chọn lọc thông tin nhanh, hiểu sâu cách ra đề và duy trì sự ổn định về thời gian lẫn tâm lý trong phòng thi. Một lộ trình Reading hiệu quả không chỉ là luyện đề nhiều, mà là học đúng thứ cần học ở từng band, kết hợp phân tích lỗi sai và điều chỉnh chiến lược liên tục.

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